IBM Certification

IT certification once attracted the most attention, many software engineers have to go through the certification examination to get recognition. The road of seeking for authentication and appraisal is rough and arduous, loaded with awkward original English materials as well as costly expenses. This gild the IT cetificate a layer of aristocratic flavour. However, as more and more “elite” try their best to acquire certifications such as Cisco, the noble garden seems left leaning up, how good it is, what kind of road it takes? Let’s approach certification and take a look at the truth.

1. It is difficult to register for certification, but more difficult to get approved. One person in charge of employment ever said,” Now many people have high scores and low abilities. What enterprises need most are employees who come to work, serve clients and create value instead of employers who have obtained a CCIE certificate. We used to show preference to the candidates with certificates like CCNA and take it for granted that these people muat have steady basic qualities. As a result, the ones who were recruited accoring merely to certificates have no relevant skills at all and caused damage to our company. Over times, we came to the conclusion that there is a gap between the certification and their capability. As a result, the true value of the certification is decreased sharply.”

2.Find the substance of certificates There are various purposes for people to participate CCIE certification exams, many of them aimed at the IT software industry, vocational, high salaries, the environment is superior to the social recognition to high. In fact, the updating speed of IT software industry is very fast, it requires workers to keep learning for the rest of their working life, a day passes by without their deligence and dedication. So, it is cruel because nothing, in this respect, is to be accumulated, non-stop learning is the reaon to continue with your work. The learning objects of participating in the CCIE this kind of certification can be devided into the following categories: the first one is not interested in CCIE certification but is forced to learn a skill to obtain a good job in the future. The second is the person who did not find a job after graduation and want to expand his scope of job by certificate. The third is entirely in the heat of the moment, and suddenly want to see IT industry whether has development, blind to join, or listen to Cisco CCIE publicity be tempted, so prepare for CCIE exams. The fourth group are also the most admirable one. They have a strong interest in programming and take an excellent programmer as the goal. However, it is a pity that there are not so many such students. Therefore, before making the final decision to sign up for CCIE examination, you’d better be clear about what you are going to pursue and where you are now. Therefore, all the people, before they are ready to participate in the related examination and study such as CCNP, should make sure their objectives and location.

3. Do not select the expensive one but the right one. At present, depreciation of IT certificate such as 350-001 is caused by some IT certificate training organization which universally focus on theory and examination stress but take actual operation lightly to a great degree. Faced with such situation, those who wish to become software professionals and pass CCIE certificates should make clear their own objectives and enhance their own career competitiveness.Meanwhile, they should determine the main direction of access to IT industry and increase their own practicalness.

You may like these Exam:

Pass4sure PMI-001 : CCIE Written: Metro EthernetPass4sure 350-018 : 350-018 HardCopyPass4sure VCP-410 : VMware Voice Lab exam

    Exam Number:     650-393
Duration: 45 minutes (35 – 45 Questions)
Available Languages: English
Click Here to Register: Pearson VUE
Exam Policies: Read current policies and requirements
Exam Tutorial: Review type of exam questions
Exam Description    Exam Topics
Exam Description
The 650-393 LCSE Cisco Lifecycle Services Express exam tests a candidate’s knowledge of the Cisco Lifecycle Services approach to help successfully sell, deploy, and support Cisco technologies. Candidates can prepare for this exam by taking the LCSE Cisco Lifecycle Services Express course.

Exam Topics
The following topics are general guidelines for the content likely to be included on the Remote Access exam. However, other related topics may also appear on any specific delivery of the exam. In order to better reflect the contents of the exam and for clarity purposes, the guidelines below may change at any time without notice.

Describe the Cisco Lifecycle Services approach
Describe the structure and organization of the Cisco Lifecycle Services approach
Describe the service components included in the Prepare phase of the Cisco Lifecycle Services approach
Describe the service components included in the Plan phase of the Cisco Lifecycle Services approach.
Describe the service components included in the Design phase of the Cisco Lifecycle Services approach.
Describe the service components included in the Implement phase of the Cisco Lifecycle Services approach.
Describe the service components included in the Operate phase of the Cisco Lifecycle Services approach.
Describe the value of the Cisco Lifecycle Services approach
Describe the value of the Cisco Lifecycle Services approach for the customer.
Describe the value of the Cisco Lifecycle Services Approach for the partner.
 QUESTION 30:
In the implement phase, project planning comprises which of the following tasks?
A. Install, configure, and provision core products
B. Confirm project and milestone dates, as well as project and cutover roles and
responsibilities
C. Update and document logical and physical topology maps and serial numbers
D. Confirm deployment team, craft project plan,create communication and escalation
plans

QUESTION 31:
Which service component within the prepare phase provides a financial justification for
the customer in evaluating adoption of a technology?
A. Operations Technology Strategy Development
B. Proof of Concept
C. Business Requirements Development
D. Technology Strategy Development
E. Business Case Development
F. High-level Design Development

Questions and Answers : 43 Q&As Updated: October 29th , 2008 Price: $119.99$89.99
Free download:pass4sure 650-393
Free download:pass4sure 650-393

Oracle made significant increases this week in the cost of technical certification exams for Sun and Oracle technologies.

A full accounting of the fee changes was not immediately available, but one forum poster claimed the cost of a MySQL Certified Associate exam had more than doubled under the new pricing.

“It is in my opinion TOTALLY UNREASONABLE this is not treated as an (entry level) unproctored exam!,” poster “bigdelboy” wrote on an official Oracle forum. “Remind me what guarantees Oracle gave to the EU about open source!!!!!!”

But one Oracle professional took the changes in stride.

“I think it falls under the category of ‘that sucks … oh well,’ since certs are optional, employers often pay for them, you usually only take the test once and thus it’s a one-time fee (that you may choose to repeat two years later to keep your cert up to date), it kind of falls under the realm of the optional, rare expense,” said Kathryn Axelrod, an Oracle database administrator in Portland, Oregon, via e-mail.

The new fee structure represents “the first material exam price increase that Oracle has made since the inception of its program,” according to an official blog post. “Prices may vary from country to country so please sure to check the links below or with your local site for details.”

Both Internet-based exams and proctored ones conducted at testing centers are affected.

Under the new price schedule, “all non-proctored exams worldwide; proctored Sun exams for emerging-market countries and Oracle Database, Middleware and Linux exams for emerging-market countries” cost US$125.

In addition, proctored Oracle exams in developed nations and Oracle application exams in countries designated as emerging markets are priced at $195. Proctored Sun tests will cost $300 in developed countries.

Oracle’s blog post stressed that prices will vary due to local currency and urged users to users to test administrator Pearson VUE’s Web site for specific details.

Test vouchers purchased prior to the price changes, which went into effect Monday, remain valid. Discount vouchers will be honored at the same discount rate, but applied against the new pricing.

Those who signed up and submitted payment for a test before Mar. 1 will not be required to pay more money as long as they maintain their original exam date.

An Oracle spokeswoman did not respond to a request for additional information.

Meanwhile, over time Oracle intends to “migrate and offer Sun certification offerings to Oracle certification offerings,” but for now existing Sun certifications will be recognized, the company said in a Feb. 22 blog post.

“Future certification offerings may require candidates to take an exam if they wish to upgrade,” the post added.

Oracle made significant increases this week in the cost of technical certification exams for Sun and Oracle technologies.

A full accounting of the fee changes was not immediately available, but one forum poster claimed the cost of a MySQL Certified Associate exam had more than doubled under the new pricing.

“It is in my opinion TOTALLY UNREASONABLE this is not treated as an (entry level) unproctored exam!,” poster “bigdelboy” wrote on an official Oracle forum. “Remind me what guarantees Oracle gave to the EU about open source!!!!!!”

But one Oracle professional took the changes in stride.

“I think it falls under the category of ‘that sucks … oh well,’ since certs are optional, employers often pay for them, you usually only take the test once and thus it’s a one-time fee (that you may choose to repeat two years later to keep your cert up to date), it kind of falls under the realm of the optional, rare expense,” said Kathryn Axelrod, an Oracle database administrator in Portland, Oregon, via e-mail.

The new fee structure represents “the first material exam price increase that Oracle has made since the inception of its program,” according to an official blog post. “Prices may vary from country to country so please sure to check the links below or with your local site for details.”

Both Internet-based exams and proctored ones conducted at testing centers are affected.

Under the new price schedule, “all non-proctored exams worldwide; proctored Sun exams for emerging-market countries and Oracle Database, Middleware and Linux exams for emerging-market countries” cost US$125.

In addition, proctored Oracle exams in developed nations and Oracle application exams in countries designated as emerging markets are priced at $195. Proctored Sun tests will cost $300 in developed countries.

Oracle’s blog post stressed that prices will vary due to local currency and urged users to users to test administrator Pearson VUE’s Web site for specific details.

Test vouchers purchased prior to the price changes, which went into effect Monday, remain valid. Discount vouchers will be honored at the same discount rate, but applied against the new pricing.

Those who signed up and submitted payment for a test before Mar. 1 will not be required to pay more money as long as they maintain their original exam date.

An Oracle spokeswoman did not respond to a request for additional information.pa

“Future certification offerings may require candidates to take an exam if they wish to upgrade,” the post added.

IBM and Argus have announced that AIX 5L Version 5200-05 for IBM’s System p servers has received Labeled Security Protection Profile (LSPP) at Evaluation Assurance Level 4 augmented (EAL4+) of the Common Criteria security standard when running PitBull Foundation Version 5.0 from Innovative Security Systems Inc., dba Argus Systems Group.

This multilevel security (MLS) capability allows government agencies and commercial businesses to enjoy a high level of protection for sensitive data. Agencies and businesses can share applications with different security clearances on a single system, and still have assurance that the system will enable only authorized access at the appropriate level. This enhances operating environment security and enables agencies and departments to collaborate securely.

The certification was issued by the German security agency, Bundesamt für Sicherheit in der Informationstechnik (BSI), and is recognized by the U.S. Government. LSPP certification is required by many U.S. government agencies, such as the Department of Defense. In order to meet the requirements for LSPP EAL4+ certification, IBM and Argus worked with the independent evaluating agency, atsec information security GmbH, for the past 12 months. atsec evaluated the AIX/PitBull environment from design, test, code, and vulnerability perspectives.

“Many of our customers today are already running mission critical applications and know that the AIX operating system was designed to be the most secure UNIX operating system in the world,” said Karl Freund, vice president of System p Products at IBM. “This new certification is the very latest in a long line of official certifications that IBM’s UNIX servers have undergone, demonstrating to our customers that, through our robust Power Architecture technology, we remain committed to providing them reliable, scalable and secure solutions.”

Many people ask me what would make a good CCNA lab? Well, that can be a tricky question based upon your budget and future Cisco aspirations. So let’s start off with a few basic concepts I hope we can all agree on.

1) You need a physical router as the simulators just don’t have the ability to give you the “hands on” you need to see what happens when you disconnect a cable, put a cable in the wrong location or just plain configure the interface incorrectly. Dependant on what you do by mistake, you may see either the interface or protocol go down and based upon that it should give you a clue of where to start troubleshooting(hint, what layer is the interface at and what layer is the protocol at?). Anyway, you will come to find quite quickly that mistakes you make on Router 1 are affecting Router 4 all because you did not screw in a cable properly. No simulator can simulate that, so a router is invaluable.

2) Two routers really are required to see if anything works. If you have a very limited budget, you can receive value from only purchasing a single router over working with a simulator. However, you will not be able to see the main thing we are trying to accomplish. The propagation of route tables and the routing of data! The only way you can see if your configurations work, is to have at least two routers. That said, if you can afford a kit with more than two routers, it will enable you to exercise more complex scenarios. Therefore, I strongly recommend that you purchase a dual router kit or better that comes with all the accessories you need. Otherwise you can spend days or weeks trying to find all the little extra pieces you need to get your lab up and running. I mention this as some other resellers are selling their kits with 2500 routers and they are not including transceivers. Well how will you use the Ethernet AUI ports without them?? So this is basically how I view it. One router will give you the ability to run the commands on the switch and allow you to memorize the correct syntax and context in which to run the commands. Two routers will allow you to router table information propagate, data propagation and path election. In addition, you will see basic device elections. With three or more routers you will get all of the above and full device elections.

3) Do I need a switch? Well, it is a nice to have for the CCNA track. However, with only about 2 questions on the test dedicated to “hands on” switch knowledge, you can make it by without a switch. Most of the information on the test will reference material that is memorization based such as “What is a Layer 2 protocol used to maintain a loop-free network?” Thank goodness we memorized STP. That said, it would be nice for us to be able to actually “see” the switching concepts work. So this is basically how I view it. One switch will give you the ability to run the commands on the switch and allow you to memorize the correct syntax and context in which to run the commands. It will also allow you to do some of the VLAN labs. Two switches will allow you to see VTP Domain & VLAN information propagate. In addition, you will see basic device elections. With three or more switches you will get all of the above and full device elections. Remember, we are only at the CCNA level right now. If you ask me do I need a switch for my CCNP studies? Most definitely(you will need three full featured switches)! If you have to skimp on something at the CCNA level, skimp on the switch in my opinion.

4) Do I need to worry about ISDN? Yes. It is still on the CCNA test. All of my dual router kits for CCNA have either a built-in ISDN port or I have added a module to support ISDN features. Many other resellers neglect ISDN. Trust me, it is not wise as it is on the test! Now that said, I want to explain my logic behind how I do my kits for ISDN, but we can modify this to meet your needs. As I mentioned, most of my kits include support for ISDN. I generally only put support for ISDN on one device. This will only give you the ability to proactive your command syntax and make sure you are entering the command at the correct portion of the IOS tree. You may ask why? Well to have ISDN really work in your lab environment, you need an ISDN simulator. An ISDN simulator runs over $500 and as I am sure you are aware, that is more than the price of my of the router kits. So if you are on a limited budget, this is the last place I would spend my money. But if you want a full functioning ISDN environment so you can practice for your CCNA test, make sure you have two routers that support ISDN and one ISDN simulator. Finally, a way to work around this exorbitant cost, is to rent my CCNA rack rental for a weekend so you can practice your ISDN commands with the simulator there as that is much, much cheaper.

So now that we have a general understanding of where we will start to build our Cisco CCNA or Cisco CCNP certificatio Lab, read the two articles below that build upon what I just mentioned above. make sure you make it to the bottom of the article where I have a feature comparison chart for Cisco routers and Cisco Switches for your training lab.

OSPF is a major topic on your CCNA exam, as well it should be. OSPF is a widely-used WAN protocol, and you need to learn the fundamentals before moving on to more complicated configurations. One such detail is the OSPF Router ID, or RID.

The RID is the dotted decimal value by which other OSPF routers will identify a given OSPF router. There are some interesting defaults for this value, and a command you should know to hardcode the RID. You had also better know what has to happen for this command to take effect, so let’s take a more detailed look at the OSPF RID.

In this example, R1 has an adjacency with R2 and R3 over the 172.12.123.0/24 frame network. R1 is the hub, with R2 and R3 as the spokes. No other interfaces are OSPF-enabled on any of the routers. Running show ip ospf neighbor on R1, we see some unusual values under “Neighbor ID”, which is another name for the OSPF RID.

R1#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface

3.3.3.3 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:01:57 172.12.123.3 Serial0

2.2.2.2 0 FULL/DROTHER 00:01:57 172.12.123.2 Serial0

Notice the Neighbor ID of each remote address is the loopback address. How can that be if they’re not OSPF-enabled?

When determining the Router ID (RID) of an OSPF-enabled router, OSPF will always use the numerically highest IP address on the router’s loopback interfaces, regardless of whether that loopback is OSPF-enabled.

What if there is no loopback? OSPF will then use the numerically highest IP address of the physical interfaces, regardless of whether that interface is OSPF-enabled.

BOTTOM LINE: An interface does not have to be running OSPF to have its IP address used as the OSPF RID.

The OSPF RID can be changed, but it requires a restart or to reinitialize the OSPF routing process. Use the router-id command to change the default RID of each router as shown, and clear the OSPF process to do so.

R1#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

R1(config)#router ospf 1

R1(config-router)#router-id 11.11.11.11

Reload or use “clear ip ospf process” command, for this to take effect

R1#clear ip ospf process

Reset ALL OSPF processes? [no]: yes

1d05h: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on Serial0 from 2WAY to
DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached

1d05h: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on Serial0 from 2WAY to
DOWN, Neighbor Down: Interface down or detached

After entering the router-id command, the router console informed you that you have to reload the router or reset the OSPF processes for this to take effect. You enter the clear ip ospf process command to do this. Notice that when you’re asked if you really want to do this, the prompt is “no”? That’s because all the OSPF adjacencies on this router will be lost and will have to begin the process again. That’s OK on a practice rack, not good in a production network. Don’t use that one at work.

The OSPF RID is not a complicated concept, but the fact that an interface doesn’t have to be OSPF-enabled in order to have its IP address act as the RID takes some getting used to. And remember – when the router or switch asks you a question and the prompted answer is “no”, take one step back and make sure you really want to do what you’re about to do!

One of the first things you do when you start studying for the CCNA exam is memorizing a list of port numbers and the protocols that run on those ports. If you’re an experienced networker, you know most of the protocols that are mentioned – DNS, DHCP, FTP, SMTP, and so on. But there’s one protocol that you might not have experience with, but is actually vital for CCNA exam success and success in working with Cisco routers and switches, and that’s TFTP – Trivial File Transfer Protocol.

TFTP is basically FTP’s non-secure relative. There are no passwords, no authentication scheme, no nothing! As someone once told me, “If I’m transferring my files, there’s nothing ‘trivial’ about it.”

Great. So you’re thinking, “What the heck do we use TFTP for, anyway?”

TFTP is used in the Cisco world to perform IOS upgrades and to save configs to a TFTP Server. Cisco routers can themselves serve as TFTP servers, or you can use a workstation to fill that role.

If you needed to copy an IOS image to a router, for example, you could do so easily by connecting your PC to the router’s console port (via a rollover cable, right?). Your PC would need to run TFTP server software. There are quite a few free TFTP server software programs that work quite well ? just enter “free tftp server” into Google or your favorite search engine and you’ll see what I mean.

Using TFTP in this fashion is a great way to have backup copies of IOS images or router configs right on your laptop. And take it from me, when the day comes that you need those backups, you’ll be glad you did!

Remember that when using the copy command, you first indicate where you’re copying from, then where you’re copying to:

R1#copy flash tftp

Source filename []? Example

Address or name of remote host []?

When performing such a copy, you’ll need to name the file you’re copying, as well as the IP address of the device you’re copying to.

Using TFTP to perform IOS upgrades takes a little getting used to, especially the syntax of the copy command. But knowing that syntax and how to use TFTP will indeed get you one step closer to the CCNA!

Passing the CCNA certification exam means that you know how to configure and troubleshoot a Cisco router instead of using what I call the “hope method” – you know, “Let’s reload the router and hope that takes care of it.” The majority of Cisco router configurations take effect without the need for a reload, but every once in a while you just have to reload a router or shut and reopen an interface. Let’s take a look at three such scenarios.

The first is when you change an OSPF Router ID from its default. For the new RID to take effect, you must either reload the router or clear the OSPF process, which means that all existing adjacencies will come down. Cisco routers are kind enough to tell you this with the following message after you configure a new RID: “Reload or use “clear ip ospf process” command, for this to take effect”.

In a previous tutorial, I showed you how to configure an Etherchannel. You have to place each port into the Etherchannel with the channel-group command, and if you do so individually, some of the ports may go into error-disabled state, or “err-disable”. This can also happen as a result of port security enforcement. You can see this with the show interface command:

sw1#show int fast 0/1

FastEthernet0/1 is down, line protocol is down (err-disabled)

A syslog message putting that port into err-disabled state will look like this:

04:10:23: %PM-4-ERR_DISABLE: channel-misconfig error detected on Po1, putting Fa0/1 in err-disable state

If this happens during an Etherchannel configuration, just finish the config and then shut and reopen the ports in err-disabled state. They’ll come back up and be placed into the Etherchannel.

Finally, our old friend the SPID often makes us shut and reopen the BRI interface. If the BRI interface is open and you configure SPIDs on it, the SPID can be absolutely correct and you’ll still see this in the output of show isdn status:

spid1 configured, spid1 NOT sent, spid1 NOT valid

At least the Cisco router puts “NOT” in caps, right? It’s easier to see that way! With SPIDs, before you call the service provider or check the SPID you entered about 40 times, just shut and reopen the interface. That usually does the trick.

When you earn your CCNA certification Feature Articles, that means that you know what you’re doing instead of hoping that you do – and part of that is knowing when a simple reload or open/shut will take care of the issue.

As a CCNA and future CCNP, you’ve already configured authentication in the form of creating a local database of usernames and passwords for both Telnet access and PPP authentication. This is sometimes called a self-contained AAA deployment, since no external server is involved.

It’s more than likely that you’ll be using a server configured for one of the following security protocols:

TACACS+, a Cisco-proprietary, TCP-based protocol

RADIUS, an open-standard, UDP-based protocol originally developed by the IETF

An obvious question is “If there’s a TACACS+, what about TACACS?” TACACS was the original version of this protocol and is rarely used today.

Before performing AAA Authentication configuration, there are some other TACACS+ / RADIUS differences you should be aware of:

While TACACS+ encrypts the entire packet, RADIUS encrypts only the password in the initial client-server packet.

RADIUS actually combines the authentication and authorization processes, making it very difficult to run one but not the other.

TACACS+ considers Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting to be separate processes. This allows another method of thentication to be used (Kerberos, for example), while still using TACACS+ for authorization and accounting.

RADIUS does not support the Novell Async Services Interface (NASI) protocol, the NetBIOS Frame Protocol Control protocol, X.25 Packet Assembler / Disassembler (PAD), the AppleTalk Remote Access Protocol (ARA or ARAP). TACACS+ supports all of these.

RADIUS implementations from different vendors may not work well together, or at all.

RADIUS can’t control the authorization level of users, but TACACS+ can.

We抣l discuss the uses of both of these protocols in a future CCNP certification tutorial! Look for more CCNA, CCENTFree Articles, and CCNP tutorials right here on this same website!